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Serial Electron Crystallography: New Developments for Data Collection and Analysis

authors
Robert Bücker, Pascal Hogan-Lamarre, Pedram Mehrabi, Eike Schulz, Günther Kassier and R. J. Dwayne Miller
date published
Aug. 1, 2021
journal
Microscopy and Microanalysis
volume, number
27
pages
1286 - 1289
doi
10.1017/S1431927621004815
abstract

Serial electron diffraction (SerialED) (Smeets, Zou and Wan, 2018; Bücker et al., 2020) is an emerging threedimensional electron diffraction (3D-ED) method (Gemmi et al., 2019; Nannenga and Gonen, 2019), where data from a large ensemble of macromolecular or small-molecule nano-crystals is merged into a high-resolution structure solution. Like in serial X-ray crystallography at synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers (Mehrabi et al., 2020), SerialED is typically performed in the limit of rapidly acquired single or dose-fractionated diffraction shots per diffracting volume, minimizing deleterious effects of radiation damage. However, the flexibility of a scanning TEM (S/TEM) enables a much broader range of data collection strategies, blurring the lines between serial crystallography (SX), scanning electron nano-diffraction (SEND), and massively automated rotation electron diffraction (RED). Furthermore, the flexibility of SerialED along with the large volume and unique nature of the obtained diffraction data, that is, purely two-dimensional reciprocal-space slices of unknown orientation, call for new approaches for data processing (Jiang et al., 2009; Smeets and Wan, 2017; Bücker, Hogan-Lamarre and Miller, 2020; Gevorkov et al., 2020). We present results from a range of biological and organic samples such as in-situ grown proteins, covalent and metal-organic frameworks (COFs/MOFs), highlighting the excellent performance of SerialED in obtaining structures of highly radiation sensitive crystals, as well as robustness against contaminated and inhomogeneous specimens. Also, considerations regarding the optimal data collection and analysis strategies for a given sample, as well as various methods of determining unknown unit cells from two-dimensional snapshot data will be discussed. The recently developed software package diffractem (Bücker, Hogan-Lamarre and Miller, 2020), is introduced, which allows for easy pre-processing and data reduction of many-terabytes SerialED data sets, and wraps CrystFEL (White et al., 2012) for the tasks of crystal orientation determination and merging of partially excited reflections. Finally, an outlook on ongoing projects towards time-resolved SerialED, and serial/scanning ED on filamentous samples, is given.